For people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) or Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), decisions about drinking alcohol can be difficult. At this time, no studies have proven that alcohol either instigates or worsens these conditions, but drinking has been proven to have significant effects on the digestive system as well as the rest of the body.
Effects on the LiverThe function of the liver is to break down toxic substances (such as drugs and alcohol) and filter them from the body. In addition to this important purpose, the liver filters the blood, synthesizes chemicals needed by the body, and stores vitamins, sugars, fats and other nutrients. When alcohol is present in the body, the liver must cease its important functions and deal solely with ridding the body of the toxin. As a result, fatty acids may build up in the liver.
Alcohol can damage the liver by destroying or altering its cells and may even worsen an existing liver condition. Chronic liver disease is a serious complication that affects from 5 to 15% of IBD patients.
Effects on the GI Tract LiningWhile all the effects of alcohol on the gastrointestinal tract are not clear to researchers, it appears that the lining is affected. The results of this irritation can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and bleeding (symptoms that IBS and IBD patients are already struggling to keep under control).
Drugs and MedicationsSeveral medications prescribed for gastrointestinal conditions may react unfavorably with alcoholic drinks. In addition, medications put a strain on the liver's ability to rid the body of toxins and alcohol can increase that effect. See the Table below that lists drugs commonly used to treat IBS, IBD or related conditions and the possible effects when mixed with alcohol.
Positive EffectsIn addition to the psychological and social benefits of the occasional drink at parties, moderate amounts of alcohol may have health benefits. Studies have indicated that moderate drinking (defined as 1 drink a day for women, or 2 drinks a day for men) may have a positive effect on the coronary system and help prevent coronary artery disease.
ConclusionThe choice to drink is an individual decision that should be made after clearly understanding the potential effects. For many with IBS or IBD, an occasional drink may not worsen their condition, but some may discover (as with other foods, through trial and error) that it does have a detrimental effect. Additionally, the effect of alcohol on the liver, the stomach, and overall health should be weighed against the positive effects as well as the importance of social drinking to quality of life.
One Drink Is…
