How is IBD treated in cats and dogs?

Treatment for IBD may be initiated with some trial diets, and move on to medications if symptoms aren't alleviated.

For several months a pet may be tried on a hypo allergenic diet. In humans this type of diet is often called "lamb and pear" because these are two types of foods that are not commonly eaten. Eating from different food sources may provide clues to determine which foods eaten on a daily basis are causing allergies. It's the same with animals. They will be put on a diet consisting of a protein source that they may not have been exposed to before such as duck, venison, or rabbit.

A change in diet may also involve a reduction in fat intake and increase in fiber. Even cats and dogs need a certain amount of fat in their diets, but too much may contribute to nausea or interact with bacteria in the intestine. Insoluble fiber increases the bulk of stool, and keeps it moving through the intestines at a consistent pace.

Corticosteroids, mesalamine, sulfasalazine, Metronidazole, immunosuppressives and antidiarrheals may all be used to treat IBD in cats and dogs.

In cats, corticosteroids such as prednisone are often used. The cat will start out at a high dose given every other day, and gradually taper off the drug as she feels better. Some cats may need to be on maintenance therapy of steroids for the rest of their lives. Unlike humans, cats do not exhibit the notorious side effects for which prednisone is famous.

In dogs, sulfasalazine and mesalamine are most frequently used to treat IBD. Unfortunately these drugs can cause a secondary condition known as called keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), or dry eye. KCS is an irreversible condition where the amount of tears is reduced. Close supervision is necessary for cats using these medications because the salicylates in them can be toxic.

Metronidazole and immunosuppressives may be used in tandem with other drugs, or when other forms of therapy fail. These drugs suppress the immune system, and close supervision of the animal is necessary.

Antidiarrheals such as Imodium may help with diarrhea, but do not reduce the inflammation in the intestines.

When dietary therapy is successful, the pet will need to be kept on that diet for the rest of their lives. Other pets will respond to medical therapy. Just as with humans, the severity of IBD will vary from animal to animal, as will the best form of treatment. Medications and other treatments that are being developed for humans may carry over to be useful for treating our furry counterparts.

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